Micro SERVO motor 180 degree SG90

The SG90 is one of the most popular micro servo motors in the maker and robotics community — and for good reason. Weighing just 9 grams, this compact PWM servo delivers reliable 180° positional control, making it the go-to choice for Arduino-based robots, RC mechanisms, pan-tilt camera mounts, and any project where you need a motor that moves to a specific angle and holds it. Unlike a DC motor that spins freely, the SG90 uses an internal potentiometer and control circuit to maintain precise angular positions via a standard PWM signal.

Κύρια Χαρακτηριστικά / Key Features

• 180° Rotation Range: Moves and holds any angle between 0° and 180° — perfect for steering mechanisms, robotic arms, and sensor panning.
• PWM Control (Analogue, 50Hz): Controlled by a standard 50Hz PWM signal (period 20ms); compatible with virtually every microcontroller and servo library.
• Lightweight at 9g: Minimal weight impact on flying drones, small robots, or wearable projects where every gram counts.
• All-Nylon Gear Train: Plastic/nylon gears keep weight and cost low — suitable for light-load applications where metal gears would be overkill.
• 3-Pole Connector Wire (150mm): Standard servo connector (signal / VCC / GND) fits directly into servo headers on Arduino shields and RC receivers — no soldering required.
• Operating Voltage 4.8V – 6.0V: Runs cleanly from a 5V Arduino or USB power supply; higher voltage within range increases torque output.
• Stall Torque 1 kgf·cm @ 4.8V: Sufficient for lightweight robotic arms, small door mechanisms, and RC control surfaces.
• Compact Dimensions (~22mm × 11.5mm × 22.5mm): Fits in tight enclosures and standard servo mounting brackets.

Pinout & Wiring

Wiring note: Connect Brown → GND, Red → 5V, Orange → D9 (or any PWM pin). In Arduino IDE, use the built-in Servo library: myServo.attach(9); myServo.write(90); to move to the 90° centre position. For projects with multiple servos or high current draw, power VCC from an external 5V supply rather than the Arduino's onboard regulator.

Compatibility

• Arduino UNO / Nano / Mega: Direct connection to any PWM pin; use the standard Arduino Servo.h library. Power servo from external 5V if driving multiple units.
• ESP32 / ESP8266: Compatible via PWM output; use the ESP32Servo library. Note: logic level is 3.3V but servo signal threshold is typically met — power servo from 5V rail separately.
• Raspberry Pi (via PWM GPIO): Use RPi.GPIO or pigpio for 50Hz PWM signal generation.
• RC Receivers: Plug directly into any standard servo channel (JR/Futaba connector standard).
• STM32 / Teensy / other 5V/3.3V MCUs: Compatible with any microcontroller capable of generating a 50Hz PWM signal with 1–2ms pulse width.

Typical Applications

• Robotic arm joints and gripper control in Arduino robot projects
• Pan-tilt camera or sensor mounts (e.g. ultrasonic sensor scanning)
• RC model control surfaces (rudder, elevator, ailerons)
• Automated door latches and small mechanical actuators
• Educational robotics kits and STEM project demonstrations
• Throttle or steering control in small autonomous vehicles

Technical Specifications

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: Can I power the SG90 directly from the Arduino 5V pin?
A: For a single servo with light load, yes — the Arduino 5V pin can typically supply enough current. However, if you are using multiple servos or under significant mechanical load, always use an external 5V power supply connected directly to the servo's VCC and GND wires, sharing only the GND with the Arduino to avoid voltage drops that can reset the microcontroller.

Q: What PWM pulse width do I need to control the SG90?
A: The SG90 uses a standard servo PWM protocol at 50Hz. A pulse width of approximately 1ms corresponds to 0°, 1.5ms to 90° (centre), and 2ms to 180°. The Arduino Servo.h library handles this automatically when you call myServo.write(angle).